What term describes the measurement of how difficult it is for charges to flow through a material?

The term that describes the measurement of how difficult it is for charges to flow through a material is resistance. Resistance is a fundamental property of materials that quantifies how much they oppose the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms and is influenced by factors such as the material's composition, temperature, and dimensions.

In the context of electrical circuits, high resistance means that it is more challenging for current to pass through, while low resistance indicates that current can flow more freely. This concept is crucial in designing and understanding electrical systems, as it affects how much current will flow for a given voltage applied across a component.

Conductance, on the other hand, is the reciprocal of resistance and measures how easily current can flow through a material. Impedance extends the idea of resistance by also accounting for reactance in AC circuits, while voltage refers to the electric potential difference that drives current to flow. Thus, resistance is specifically the term that addresses the difficulty of charge movement through materials.