What materials are typically used as conductors in electrical wiring?

Copper and aluminum are the most commonly used materials for electrical wiring due to their excellent conductivity, which allows them to efficiently carry electrical current. Copper is particularly favored because it offers low resistance, high ductility, and reliable performance, making it ideal for a vast array of electrical applications. Aluminum, while slightly less conductive than copper, is lighter and more cost-effective, and it is often used in overhead power lines and large-scale electrical distribution where weight and cost are significant factors.

Both of these materials have been extensively tested and proven to withstand corrosion and heat, which contributes to their safety and longevity in electrical systems. In contrast, the other materials listed do not possess the same level of electrical conductivity or practicality for wiring purposes. For instance, plastic and rubber are typically used as insulators rather than conductors; they prevent unwanted current flow and protect against electrical shocks. Similarly, iron and steel, while able to conduct electricity to some extent, are less effective than copper and aluminum, primarily due to their higher resistance and susceptibility to rust and corrosion. Wood and glass are insulators and are not used for conducting electricity at all.