What is the term for a buildup of electric charges on an object?

The correct term for a buildup of electric charges on an object is static electricity. Static electricity occurs when there is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. When two materials come into contact and are then separated, electrons may be transferred from one material to another, leading to a net positive or negative charge on each object. This charge remains until it is able to move away, often resulting in a static discharge when the electric potential becomes high enough to overcome the insulating properties of air or the materials themselves.

In contrast, an electric field refers to the region around a charged object where other charges experience a force. Static discharge describes the rapid movement of electric charge away from an object that has accumulated static electricity, often seen as a spark or shock. Conductor charge is not a standard term used to describe electrical phenomena and does not accurately convey the concept of charge imbalance on an object. Thus, static electricity is the most accurate term for the buildup of electrical charges.