What is the role of an electromagnet when an electric current passes through it?

When an electric current passes through a coil of wire or conductive material, it creates a magnetic field around that wire. This phenomenon occurs due to the interaction of electric charges, whereby moving charges (the electric current) generate a magnetic field according to the principles of electromagnetism. The strength of this magnetic field can be enhanced by wrapping the wire around a core material, such as iron, which serves to concentrate the magnetic field and increase its effectiveness.

This characteristic of being able to generate a magnetic field is the fundamental principle behind electromagnets, making them widely used in various applications, such as motors, generators, relays, and magnetic locks. Understanding this concept is crucial because it highlights how electricity and magnetism are interrelated, forming the basis for many technologies we utilize today.