What is the function of a transformer in an electrical system?

The primary function of a transformer in an electrical system is to step up or step down voltage levels. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits while changing the voltage level.

When a transformer steps up voltage, it increases the voltage from the primary coil to the secondary coil, which is essential for long-distance power transmission as it reduces current and minimizes energy loss due to resistance. Conversely, stepping down voltage allows for the safe distribution of power to homes and businesses, making it compatible with standard electrical systems.

This capability to adjust voltage levels is critical for efficient power distribution and system safety, which is why transformers are an integral part of electrical infrastructure. The other options, such as measuring current, storing charge, or providing grounding, do not reflect the primary purpose of transformers in electrical systems and are related to different components or functions within electrical engineering.