What is a semiconductor?

A semiconductor is best defined as a material that exhibits electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. This intermediate level of conductivity makes semiconductors essential in electronic devices. Their unique properties allow them to be manipulated by impurities through a process called doping, thereby enhancing their electrical characteristics to suit specific applications.

This intermediate conductivity is what enables semiconductors to function effectively in a variety of roles such as in transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits, making them integral to modern electronics. In contrast, materials characterized by high electrical conductivity are typically conductors, like metals, while excellent insulators possess very low conductivity and prevent the flow of electric current. The option concerning exclusive use for transmission does not accurately describe semiconductors, as they have broader applications beyond just transmission.