What does a circuit breaker do?

A circuit breaker is a crucial safety device in electrical systems. Its primary function is to protect circuits from overload and short circuits. When an electrical overload occurs—which can happen when too much current flows through a circuit—or when a fault causes a short circuit, the circuit breaker detects the irregular flow of electricity. It automatically interrupts the flow to prevent potential damage to wires, appliances, and even reduce the risk of fires.

Unlike devices that increase voltage, store electric charge, or measure electrical resistance, a circuit breaker serves a protective role. This function is vital for maintaining safety in electrical installations, ensuring that the electrical system can operate without risk of overheating or failure due to excessive current. By tripping and shutting off the circuit when necessary, circuit breakers help safeguard equipment and enhance the overall safety of the electrical system.