How is a short circuit defined?

A short circuit is defined as an electrical current that bypasses the intended load. In essence, when a short circuit occurs, the electric current takes an unplanned path, often resulting in a situation where it flows through a path of lower resistance rather than through the intended circuit components. This can lead to excessive current flowing in the circuit, which can create heat, potentially damaging components and posing safety hazards such as electrical fires or equipment failure.

In a typical scenario, a short circuit can happen if there is a fault in the wiring, such as exposed wires touching each other or a malfunctioning device that fails to resist current flow. Understanding this definition is crucial in electrical applications, as it highlights the importance of maintaining proper insulation and circuit integrity to prevent dangerous situations.